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References
The reference directory
Every organisation, archive, tracker and primary document this site relies on — with its tier stated, so you know how much weight it is carrying.
How to read the tiers
Tier 1 Load-bearing. UN bodies, courts of record, India’s own official figures, and the major international human rights and medical organisations. Claims on this site rest here.
Tier 2 Named advocacy and journalism. Kashmiri civil society organisations and regional press. Indispensable — often the only record that exists — and always attributed by name rather than laundered into “studies show”.
Not listed at all: state information services on either side, Indian and Pakistani alike. This site does not source a figure to a government press office, including a friendly one. The full standards →
United Nations
UN OHCHR — Kashmir country reports Tier 1
The two Kashmir human rights reports (14 June 2018 and 8 July 2019). The primary documents behind most figures on this site.
www.ohchr.org/en/documents/country-reports/update-situation-human-rights-indian-administered-kashmir-and-pakistan
UN OHCHR — Special Procedures statement, 24 Nov 2025 Tier 1
Fourteen named mandate holders on counter-terrorism operations in Jammu and Kashmir. The most current authoritative UN statement.
www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2025/11/un-experts-alarmed-indian-counter-terrorism-operations-violating-human
Universal Human Rights Index Tier 1
OHCHR's searchable index of country-specific observations and recommendations from the special procedures, treaty bodies and Universal Periodic Review.
uhri.ohchr.org/en
UN Digital Library — Resolution 47 (1948) Tier 1
The official UN record for the Security Council resolution providing for a plebiscite.
digitallibrary.un.org/record/280500
UNSCR — full text of Resolution 47 Tier 1
A clean, readable text of Resolution 47 of 21 April 1948.
unscr.com/en/resolutions/47
UN Working Group on Arbitrary Detention — Opinion on Khurram Parvez Tier 1
Opinion A/HRC/WGAD/2023/8, on the detention of the JKCCS coordinator.
digitallibrary.un.org/record/4028396
International human rights organisations
Amnesty International — ‘Denied’ (2015) Tier 1
ASA 20/1874/2015. The standard report on Section 7 of AFSPA and the failure of accountability.
www.amnesty.org/en/documents/asa20/1874/2015/en
Human Rights Watch — World Report 2026, India Tier 1
The current annual record, including the August 2025 book bans and the punitive demolitions.
www.hrw.org/world-report/2026/country-chapters/india
Human Rights Watch — internet shutdowns report (2023) Tier 1
‘No Internet Means No Work, No Pay, No Food’ — the human cost of India's shutdown practice.
www.hrw.org/report/2023/06/14/no-internet-means-no-work-no-pay-no-food/internet-shutdowns-deny-access-basic
Médecins Sans Frontières — Kashmir mental health survey Tier 1
The 2015 Muntazar survey: 45% of adults showing symptoms of significant mental distress.
msfsouthasia.org/msf-scientific-survey-45-kashmiri-population-experiencing-mental-distress
Chatham House — Kashmir: Paths to Peace (2010) Tier 1
Robert W. Bradnock’s public opinion survey: 3,774 interviews on both sides of the Line of Control. The only serious evidence of what Kashmiris themselves want.
www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/public/Research/Asia/0510pp_kashmir.pdf
CSIS — Can India Cut Off Pakistan’s Indus River Lifeline? Tier 1
The mechanics of the Indus Waters Treaty, Pakistan’s dependence on the western rivers, and what India can and cannot physically do to the flow.
www.csis.org/analysis/can-india-cut-pakistans-indus-river-lifeline
EJIL: Talk! — the Indus Waters Treaty ‘in abeyance’ Tier 1
Legal analysis of India’s unilateral suspension and of water releases into Pakistan-administered Kashmir.
www.ejiltalk.org/the-indus-waters-treaty-in-abeyance-legal-implications-of-indias-unilateral-water-releases-into-pakistan-administered-kashmir
FIDH — India Tier 1
International Federation for Human Rights. Publishes on Kashmir and on the detention of Kashmiri human rights defenders.
www.fidh.org/en/region/asia/india
Front Line Defenders — APDP Tier 1
Case file on the Association of Parents of Disappeared Persons and threats to its members.
www.frontlinedefenders.org/en/organization/association-parents-disappeared-persons-apdp
OMCT — World Organisation Against Torture Tier 1
Statements on torture and on the detention of Khurram Parvez and Irfan Mehraj.
www.omct.org/en
CIVICUS Monitor Tier 1
Tracks civic space restrictions; has covered the prosecution of Kashmiri human rights defenders.
www.civicus.org
FORUM-ASIA Tier 1
Asian Forum for Human Rights and Development. Joint statements on Kashmiri defenders.
forum-asia.org
USCIRF — religious prisoners of conscience database Tier 1
US Commission on International Religious Freedom entry for Khurram Parvez.
www.uscirf.gov/religious-prisoners-conscience/forb-victims-database/khurram-parvez
Kashmiri documentation and civil society
APDP — Association of Parents of Disappeared Persons Tier 2
Founded 1994 by Parveena Ahangar. The organisation of families of the disappeared, and the source of the 8,000–10,000 estimate. Advocacy organisation — cite by name.
apdpkashmir.com
Kashmir Law & Justice Project Tier 2
Hosts and indexes primary human rights documents on Kashmir, including the SHRC unmarked graves enquiry, the torture report and the Amnesty reports. One of the most useful document archives available.
www.kljp.org
Kashmir Scholars Consultative and Action Network Tier 2
Academic network; mirrors several primary reports including the JKCCS annual reviews and the 2019 torture report.
kashmir-scholars.org
Stand With Kashmir Tier 2
Diaspora advocacy organisation. Explicitly a campaigning body — useful for chronologies and commemorations, not a source for a figure.
standwithkashmir.org
IPTK — Alleged Perpetrators (2012), via the Internet Archive offline archive
The International People’s Tribunal’s 356-page report naming 500 alleged perpetrators from 214 cases, built largely from official state documents. kashmirprocess.org no longer resolves at all — this is an Archive copy, and this project holds a local one with its hash recorded.
web.archive.org/web/20251017053842if_/https://kashmirprocess.org/reports/alleged_Perpetrators.pdf
Supreme Court of India — In Re: Article 370 (2023 INSC 1058) Tier 1
The full 476-page judgment of 11 December 2023 upholding the abrogation. Read it rather than anyone’s characterisation of it, including this site’s.
www.scobserver.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Judgement-Abrogation-of-Article-370.pdf
Indian Kanoon — In Re: Article 370, full text Tier 1
Searchable text of the same judgment.
indiankanoon.org/doc/77326406
Supreme Court Observer — Article 370 case file Tier 1
Case background, hearing-by-hearing reports and a judgment summary. The most usable tracker of Indian constitutional litigation.
www.scobserver.in/cases/challenge-to-the-abrogation-of-article-370-case-background
JKCCS — Jammu Kashmir Coalition of Civil Society offline archive
Produced the annual human rights reviews and, with APDP, the 432-case torture report. Its coordinator Khurram Parvez was imprisoned from November 2021 to July 2026. jkccs.info did not resolve when this site was compiled in September 2026 — this link goes to the Internet Archive.
web.archive.org/web/2020*/jkccs.net
Trackers, press freedom and digital rights
internetshutdowns.in Tier 1
The Software Freedom Law Centre India shutdown tracker — the source for shutdown counts by state and year, including the Jammu & Kashmir series.
internetshutdowns.in
SFLC.in Tier 1
Software Freedom Law Centre, India. Litigation and research on shutdowns and digital rights.
sflc.in
Internet Society Pulse — India shutdowns Tier 1
Independent measurement of connectivity disruptions.
pulse.internetsociety.org/en/shutdowns/india-110
Access Now / #KeepItOn Tier 1
The annual global shutdown report; India has led the world in shutdowns for several consecutive years.
www.accessnow.org
Committee to Protect Journalists Tier 1
Case records for Aasif Sultan, Fahad Shah, Sajad Gul and other Kashmiri journalists.
cpj.org
Reporters Without Borders — India Tier 1
Press freedom index entry and case reporting.
rsf.org/en/country/india
Reading outside one press
Al Jazeera — Kashmir Tier 2
The most consistent international coverage of Kashmir outside the Indian and Western press. Reported the 2019 torture report, the 2026 release of Khurram Parvez and Irfan Mehraj, and the renewed Pegasus findings.
www.aljazeera.com/where/kashmir
Middle East Eye Tier 2
Covers the India–Israel arms relationship and South Asian politics from outside the Anglo-American frame. Its charting of the arms trade is cited in File 13.
www.middleeasteye.net
Dawn (Pakistan) Tier 2
Pakistan’s oldest English-language daily. Read it as what it is — a Pakistani national paper — and read it alongside Indian outlets rather than instead of them.
www.dawn.com
TRT World Tier 2
Turkish public broadcaster; sustained Kashmir coverage. A state broadcaster, and labelled as one.
www.trtworld.com
The Wire (India) Tier 2
Independent Indian outlet. Did the forensic Pegasus reporting on Kashmiri phones, and its founding editor was himself confirmed infected. Proof that the most damaging journalism on this subject includes Indian journalism.
thewire.in
Article 14 (India) Tier 2
Indian legal-accountability journalism; detailed work on how the UAPA case against Khurram Parvez criminalises human rights fact-finding.
article-14.com
Inverse Journal / Kashmir Life / Free Press Kashmir Tier 2
Kashmiri outlets. Listed together because their continued existence is not guaranteed — see the note on link rot below.
www.inversejournal.com
Journalism from the region
Kashmir Times Tier 2
One of the oldest newspapers in the region. Its executive editor, Anuradha Bhasin, was the lead petitioner in the Supreme Court case on the communications shutdown.
kashmirtimes.com
Greater Kashmir Tier 2
Long-running Srinagar daily. Read with the same awareness of operating constraints that applies to all journalism produced under the conditions described in File 09.
www.greaterkashmir.com
Free Press Kashmir Tier 2
Independent Kashmiri outlet; reported the release of the 2019 torture report.
freepresskashmir.news
Inverse Journal Tier 2
Long-form essays, translation and criticism on Kashmir, including a detailed institutional history of APDP.
www.inversejournal.com
Kashmir Life Tier 2
Srinagar weekly; published the full text of the SHRC unmarked-graves enquiry report.
kashmirlife.net
A note on link rot, and why it is political here
Every link on this page was checked when the site was built. One finding is worth stating plainly: jkccs.info did not resolve.
The Jammu Kashmir Coalition of Civil Society produced the 432-case torture archive, the annual human rights reviews, and casualty counts that the United Nations itself cites in its reports. Its coordinator was imprisoned for four years and seven months. Its website is no longer reachable, and on release he was barred from travelling to Kashmir.
This is why the site does not merely link to primary documents but downloads them. The PDFs behind the figures on this site are held locally and their SHA-256 hashes recorded, so that a claim remains checkable even if the document disappears from the web. Where an organisation has gone dark, the directory above links to the Internet Archive and says so.
If you maintain an archive of Kashmir human rights documentation, or hold copies of the IPTK reports, the post-2019 JKCCS annual reviews, or the full list of the twenty-five books banned in August 2025, please get in touch.